• The Arabian chemist, Al-Kindi (Alkindus), wrote in the 9th interim a book on perfumes which he named ‘Book of the Chemistry of Perfume and Distillations’

• It contained exceeding than hundred recipes for fragrant oils, salves, aromatic waters and substitutes or imitations of costly drugs
• The book also described one hundred and seven methods and recipes for perfume-making, and even the perfume making equipment, like the alembic, still bears its Arabic name.

The precise formulae of commercial perfumes are kept Cologne secret. Even if they were widely published, they would be dominated by such composite ingredients and odorants that they would be of cramped avail in providing a useful genius to the general consumer in description of the exposure of a scent. Nonetheless, connoisseurs of perfume can become extremely competent at identifying components and origins of scents in the same manner as strawberry mark experts .